Transportation services are among the most important sectors contributing to facilitating human life and driving the global economy. Throughout history, moving has played a key role in strengthening connections between communities, expanding markets, and supporting global trade. With technological advancements, transportation services have undergone a radical transformation, making them more efficient and flexible to meet the needs of both individuals and businesses.

Since ancient times, transportation methods have been used to move goods and people between different regions. Initially, humans relied on simple methods like walking or using animals. Over time, progress was made with the invention of wheels and carts drawn by horses. Later, the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century brought a significant leap forward with the advent of trains, which reduced distances and saved time and effort. Since then, the field of transportation has not ceased to evolve, with the emergence of cars, airplanes, and massive ships, giving rise to today’s advanced global network of transportation serving all sectors.

Currently, transportation services can be classified into four main types: land transportation, maritime transportation, air transportation, and rail transportation. Each of these types has its own advantages and uses, making it suitable for specific categories of goods and distances. For example, land transportation is considered the backbone of domestic transportation in most countries. Trucks and buses are widely used to transport goods within and between cities. Land transportation is characterized by its flexibility, as it can reach remote areas and places that other modes of transport cannot access.

On the other hand, maritime transportation is the primary means of moving large quantities of goods across seas and oceans. More than 90% of global trade depends on maritime shipping due to its low cost and ability to carry large volumes of goods. However, this type of transportation faces some drawbacks, such as slower speeds compared to air transportation. Air transportation, meanwhile, is the fastest among all types, making it suitable for high-value goods or items requiring quick delivery. Although it is expensive, air transportation remains the best option for urgent shipments.

Rail transportation is a reliable and efficient method for transporting heavy goods over long distances. It is known for its energy efficiency and lower cost compared to trucks and airplanes. Countries with advanced rail networks, such as China and Germany, benefit greatly from this mode of transportation to boost both domestic and international trade.